Trace Minerals on the Immune Response following Vaccination against Bovine Respiratory Disease
نویسنده
چکیده
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has a major impact on the profitability of the cattle industries in North America, resulting in substantial economic losses. Effective transfer of maternal antibodies in conjunction with appropriate biosecurity measures and vaccination programs are essential to prevent and control BRD. Trace minerals (TM) are crucial for the development of an adequate immune response in cattle, especially in stressed animals. Field and experimental studies focused on improving the TM status of stressed feeder calves have shown positive effects of administration of TM improving feed efficiency, decreasing morbidity and treatment costs and improving performance and production traits. Our studies revealed that administration of injectable TM (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn) concurrently with modified-live virus vaccination in dairy calves resulted in earlier and increased antibody titer and leukocyte proliferation upon stimulation with BRD viruses compared to the control group. Additionally, TM provided additional beneficial effects when administered concurrently with respiratory MLV vaccine: 1. Injectable TM increased average daily gain during the 14 day postBVDV challenge period. 2. Clinical scores were lower for TM compared to saline-injected group on days 5 and 8 post challenge. 3. Administration of TM prevented BVDV-induced thrombocytopenia compared to saline-injected calves and positive control group, and 4. TM enhanced protection from BVDV-2 infection by MLV vaccine, helping to maintain adequate health and performance of growing calves. Addition of injectable TM supplements to calf management protocols might represent a promising tool to improve livestock health on commercial farms. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CATTLE
منابع مشابه
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